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KMID : 0903519730160030146
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Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology
1973 Volume.16 No. 3 p.146 ~ p.165
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Effect of Sulfur Dioxide on Crops - Physiology of Lesion , Yield Loss , and Preventive Measures
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Abstract
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Crop damages caused by sulfur dioxide poisoning were studied with respect to physiology of lesion, yield loss and prevention measures. The results are summarized as follows;
1. On the physiology of injury:
The sulfur dioxide gas did not affect the pH and E_h values of the tested leaf juice of plants. Peroxidase activity was inhibited just after sulfur dioxide treatment but gradually recovered to normal after 10 hours.
Methanolic chlorophyll solution was instantaneously and irreversibly bleached by the addition of sulfur dioxide gas with no evidence of pheophytin formation. It seems that chlorophyll forms colourless addition product or is reduced to colourless form with either sulfur dioxide gas or sulfurous acid. Chlorophyll in the chloroplast was also bleached by the sulfur dioxide treatment, as in the case of methanolic solution of chlorophyll, except that the rate of bleaching was rather slow, requiring 1-2 hours. It appears that the most inflicting cause of sulfur dioxide gas to plants may be the destruction of chlorophyll by the poisoning gas.
2. On the effects to crop yield:
The crop yield losses were proportional to the concentration of inflicting sulfur dioxide gas. The order of tolerence of the crops to the sulfur dioxide gas was as follows - Chinese cabbage being the most susceptible; wheat, paddy rice, barley, soybean, Welsh onion, radish and Chinese cabbage. The crucifer crops were generally found more susceptible than other crops studied. With respect to the growing stages of crops exposed to sulfur dioxide gas, it was found that the flowering stage was the most susceptible followed by panicle forming, milky and tillering in the decreasing order of susceptibility.
3. On the preventive measures of yield losses:
Soil applications of potassium, wollastonite, lime or spray of lime water were effective to prevent yield losses from sulfur dioxide fumigation of paddy rice, barley, and soybeans. The most responsive treatment was time water spray for all crops tested. In case of sulfur dioxide fumigated paddy rice, the lime water spray also increased carbon assimilation.
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